Which condition presents with a painful, vesicular rash along a dermatomal distribution and is caused by reactivation of a latent virus?

• A. Chickenpox
• B. Varicella
• C. Shingles
• D. Herpes Simplex

Answer: (C)

The key idea is reactivation of a latent varicella-zoster virus producing herpes zoster, aka shingles. After the initial chickenpox infection, the virus lies dormant in dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia and can reactivate later, especially when immunity wanes. Shingles presents as a painful, vesicular rash that sticks to a single sensory nerve distribution (a dermatome) and is usually unilateral. This dermatomal pattern and the notable pain set it apart from a primary varicella infection (chickenpox), which shows a widespread vesicular eruption, and from herpes simplex, which typically recurs at specific mucocutaneous sites rather than following a broad dermatomal band.