Rubbing or friction that results from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction.

• A. Pivot
• B. Non-Skid Soles
• C. Shearing
• D. Logrolling

Answer: (C)

Shearing is the force at play when the skin moves in one direction while the underlying tissue or bone stays put or moves in the opposite direction, causing a sliding deformation of the layers. This happens when a person slides down in bed or is moved while the torso remains fixed to the surface, so the skin is drawn one way but the deeper structures move differently. The rubbing description here is a classic example of shear, which can damage deeper tissues and reduce blood flow, increasing the risk of pressure injuries.

Pivot would involve rotation around a point and isn’t about skin sliding over bone. Non-Skid Soles are safety features to prevent slipping, not a description of the tissue mechanics. Logrolling is a method to move a patient with minimal twisting and shear, not the mechanism itself.